80 with Wiggins Manifest Hostility scale.ĬYN Cynicism - (23 items). High: The fear of, or actually losing self-control over aggressive impulses, irritable, impatient, stubborn, physically and/or verbally abusive, and explosive. 83 with Wiggins Psychoticism scale.ĪNG Anger - (16 items). High: Paranoid ideation- persecutory type, ideas of reference, delusional, derealitization, thought intrusion, and hallucinations. 80 with Wiggins HEA.īIZ Bizarre Mentation - (24 items). High: Gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological symptoms, sensory problems, dermatological problems, pain, and respiratory problems. High: Severe or major depression, brooding, crying easily, pessimism, suicidal ideation, guilt, remorse, overly sensitive, apathy, feeling worthless, unresolved object loss, and feeling empty. High: Rumination about decisions and problems, compulsions such as counting and saving unimportant things, unable to control obsessional thoughts, and obsession over forbidden aggressive feelings. High: Specific fears such as high places, snakes, spiders, fires, storms, the dark, dirt, blood, money, mice, leaving home, water, and being confined.
82 with Wiggins DEP.įRS Fears - (23 items). High: Tension, worry, fears of losing one's mind, lack of confidence, somatic indications of anxiety such as heart pounding, shortness of breath, and disturbed sleep. The correlations are based on 2,600 men and women (Butcher et al.,1990).ĪNX Anxiety - (23 items). Carefully interpret the validity scales before interpreting these content scales. Therefore, these scales will be susceptible to response bias to either exaggerate or to deny problems. All the scales have items, which are obvious in content, and measure what the respondent wishes to communicate. These scales were developed through basically a combined rational approach with some empirical refining. Butcher, Graham, Williams & Ben-Porath (1989, 1990)
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